The author found that having a person read the Ten Commandments or similar, just prior, decreased dishonesty. "Provide a pledge" and "Moral reminders". "Supervision." The author says that supervision makes cheating less possible, so there is no dishonesty. "Sign to confirm honesty." The author found that having the person sign at the top of the form encourages more honesty in the information the person gives soon thereafter, rather than completing the form first, then signing at the bottom afterwards. Providing a pledge or signing a form to confirm honesty, at the time. These factors decrease the likelihood of dishonesty: That others benefit from our dishonesty. Culture that provides examples of dishonesty.
The precedent of a single dishonest act of one's own. A high personal level of creativity and imagination. These factors increase the likelihood of dishonesty: There is no effect on the level of dishonesty from: People cheat up to the level where they start to feel bad about their own internal sense of integrity. Under circumstances where cheating is made possible, people almost always cheat, even when there is little reward. The author has conducted lab and public experiments to determine under what conditions people will cheat and by how much. He offers that honor codes and close supervision may decrease dishonesty somewhat but do not account for the psychological rationalization. In addition to reporting on experiments he conducted, Ariely mentions his own experiences with dishonesty, such as once riding a train on a forged Eurail pass or being told, as a burn victim, that he would be all right despite the medical evidence to the contrary. Ariely examined how the rest of the group responded and concluded that cheating is contagious. He deliberately and clearly cheated on the test and acted confused about some of the rules of the test. In another experiment, an actor playing a University of Pittsburgh student took a test at rival Carnegie Mellon University. In one, he discovers that, a refrigerator in a college dormitory that contains cans of Coca-Cola and dollar bills, the soda cans would disappear faster because taking money would make the students feel more like thieves than taking soda cans. In The Honest Truth About Dishonesty, Ariely uses several experiments to investigate the nature of dishonesty. The book was translated into Hebrew in 2013. It investigates why and when cheating occurs, debates its usefulness and questions how it can be discouraged. The Honest Truth About Dishonesty: How We Lie to Everyone-Especially Ourselves is a 2012 book by the Duke University cognitive science professor Dan Ariely.
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